Who owns the most bitcoin?

Biggest Bitcoin Holders by Entity

The biggest bitcoin holders by entity are Strategy, BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin Trust, Satoshi Nakamoto's estimated coins and the US government. The table gives each count with its source and date. Where a primary source exists (a company filing, an ETF issuer's holdings file) it comes first; tracker figures follow, and when two trackers disagree, both are shown.

Trackers here means BitcoinTreasuries.NET, read on November 8, 2026, and Bitbo, whose treasury table was last updated November 6, 2026. Neither is an official registry. Each compiles filings, issuer pages and public reports in its own way.

Which Company Owns the Most Bitcoin

Strategy is the company that owns the most bitcoin, with 849,327 BTC as of November 1, 2026, according to its Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 2, 2026. The filing puts the total purchase price at $64.08 billion, an average of $75,451 per bitcoin, and shows 811 BTC bought in the week before.

No other public company comes close. BitcoinTreasuries.NET lists Metaplanet at 44,000 BTC, Twenty One Capital at 43,514, Strive at 43,124 and MARA Holdings at 35,577, with Tesla at 11,509.² The tracker counts 1,249,508 BTC across 197 public companies in all, so Strategy alone holds most of the corporate total. The Strategy holdings page follows its purchases in detail.

Which ETF Holds the Most Bitcoin

The iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) from BlackRock is the ETF that holds the most bitcoin: 795,921.27 BTC as of November 6, 2026, according to the holdings file on iShares' IBIT page. iShares gives the fund an inception date of January 5, 2024.

The trackers do not match the issuer here. BitcoinTreasuries.NET lists IBIT at 811,115 BTC and Bitbo at 801,241.2 BTC.⁴⁵ The issuer's own daily file is the primary source, so the table above uses it first. Fidelity's fund and Grayscale's two trusts follow well behind.

Which Government Owns the Most Bitcoin

The United States is the government that owns the most bitcoin by both trackers, but they disagree sharply on the amount: BitcoinTreasuries.NET counts 328,372 BTC and Bitbo counts 198,012 BTC.⁶⁵ Bitbo's country page shows its government figures last updated November 18, 2025, which explains part of the gap.⁷

The government has not published a full count. The executive order of March 6, 2025 created a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, funded with bitcoin the Treasury holds from final forfeitures, and says reserve bitcoin shall not be sold, but it gives no total and asks agencies to report their holdings inside the government.⁸

China follows at 190,000 or 194,000 BTC depending on the tracker, then the United Kingdom at 61,245. BitcoinTreasuries.NET counts 645,622 BTC across 13 government entities. The government holdings page lists each country with its source.

Does Satoshi Nakamoto Own the Most Bitcoin

Satoshi Nakamoto may own the most bitcoin, but only by estimate. Researcher Sergio Demian Lerner traced a pattern in early block data to one miner and put that miner's take close to 1.1 million BTC from about 22,000 blocks, in a 2019 analysis.⁹ BitMEX Research, as Lerner cites it, estimated about 700,000.

Either figure would put Satoshi in the top two. Neither is a balance anyone can confirm, because the coins sit in thousands of early block rewards with no label. The Satoshi wallet page covers the genesis address and the research.

Biggest Bitcoin Holders by Group

The biggest bitcoin holders by group are ETFs and public companies, followed by governments, by the counts of both trackers. They sort holders differently, so their group totals do not line up one for one.

BitcoinTreasuries.NET puts ETFs and exchanges together; Bitbo lists ETFs alone and gives mining companies their own row, which is part of why their public company and private company totals differ.

How Much Bitcoin Exchanges Hold

How much bitcoin exchanges hold is harder to pin down, because most of it belongs to their customers rather than to the exchange. Trackers list a few platforms that publish figures: BitcoinTreasuries.NET counts Xapo at 38,931 BTC, River at 33,737 and BitMEX at 3,699, while Bitbo lists BitMEX at 50,017.4. The estate of the failed Mt. Gox exchange shows 34,504 BTC on BitcoinTreasuries.NET.

Coinbase appears in the company tables for its own 18,000 BTC, separate from what its customers hold. The bitcoin rich list ranks single addresses instead, and one owner can spread coins across many addresses while one exchange address can hold coins for many owners.

Why Bitcoin Holder Counts Disagree

Bitcoin holder counts disagree because each source counts at a different time and in a different way. An ETF issuer publishes its holdings file every trading day, a company reports when it files with regulators, and a tracker updates when its editors catch a new filing or report. A tracker that last refreshed a country months ago, as Bitbo's government figures show, will lag one that refreshed this week.

Grouping adds more gaps. One tracker files an exchange with the ETFs, another leaves it out; one counts the holdings of a country's public officials, another counts only the state. Government figures are the weakest: the US reserve, for one, is funded from forfeited coins, and no running total is published.

For that reason this page names a source and a date beside every number, uses the primary filing first, and prints both tracker figures when they split. Counts here are as of each date shown, not live.

Questions People Ask About Who owns the most bitcoin

These are the questions people ask next about Who owns the most bitcoin.

Sources

Every number on this page comes from these sources, checked November 9, 2026.

1. sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312526442707/mstr-20261102.htm
2. bitcointreasuries.net
3. ishares.com/us/products/333011/ishares-bitcoin-trust-etf
4. bitcointreasuries.net/etfs-and-exchanges
5. bitbo.io/treasuries
6. bitcointreasuries.net/governments
7. bitbo.io/treasuries/countries
8. whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile
9. bitslog.com/2019/04/16/the-return-of-the-deniers-and-the-revenge-of-patoshi